The answer to this lies in Newton's Laws of Motion. Inertia is an tendency that all objects, animate and inanimate, living and nonliving have. That is to say that if a body is in motion it will have the tendency to be in motion and if it is at rest it, the tendency to remain at rest.
Since our body will try to remain standing when we try to jump from a point, we cannot jump very high and require more energy to cover more ground. But when we run before we try to jump, we are gradually changing the state of our body from rest to a state of motion. This saves the energy required to jump long distances. And as such we run before we try to jump long distances.
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